Parasitic diseases, damage to the human body by pathogenic fungi and bacteria, are the second most common after respiratory infections. The main danger is that people are not always aware of the presence of such a wound, and the disease. Symptoms may not be visible for months, while parasites cause irreparable damage to health. In the long run, parasitic symptoms in the body will be disguised as fatigue and slight pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Helminthiasis is not only a disease of "dirty hands". Eating poorly washed fruit, raw fish (sushi), and inadequate fried meat can lead to the presence of worms and other semolina. Helminth eggs are a healthy form from an infected person. The person can be passed through tactile contact.
WHO's statistics are scary - ites about the entire population of the planet are infected with various parasites. Incidence rate in adults and children with pets is 99. 9%.
It is possible to get rid of helminths with the help of drugs and folk remedies, but there are difficult cases when only surgical intervention will help to get rid of pests.
What can infect human organs by parasites
There are 3 ways of entry of worms and helminths into the human body - through the mouth, mucous membranes and skin. Against the backdrop of a weak immune system, parasites multiply in the body without hindrance. Immunity is greatly reducedIs, secondary immunodeficiency develops, the body's general allergies manifest themselves, and resistance to various types of infections decreases. Acute pathology develops in older people, taking a serious course.
The preferred habitat of parasites is all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. 70% of the 300 varieties of parasitic diseases are intestinal forms. Exceptional types of helminthiasis affect:
- skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue;
- liver;
- muscle tissue;
- light;
- brain;
- heart tissue;
- eyeball;
- blood;
- joint capsules.
The moment when the first signs of a lesion appear depends on the type, number of parasites, the location of their localization, as well as the current state of human health.
The primary symptoms of parasites in the body are the same for all types of helminthic infections:
- hunger disappears;
- increases saliva;
- alternating diarrhea with constipation;
- nausea and vomiting attacks;
- sleep disturbances.
Teeth grinding during sleep can be a sign of the existence of a worm in a child's body.
The main symptoms of helminthiasis are general malaise, increased irritability, mild dizziness, weight loss, and the development of iron-deficiency anemia. In the event of allergic reactions (in 70% of cases), it is a parasitic lesion. Those that go unnoticed and are not treated in time.
Main types of parasites and specific characteristics of their presence
Currently, 70 types of parasites have been identified that can live inside humans. They are divided into the following subgroups:
- round worm (insects);
- tapeworm (tapeworm);
- subcutaneous helmet;
- flukes (flukes);
- tissue parasites;
- protozoa protozoa.
Symptoms can vary for different types of parasites. To understand whether the human body is affected or not, we will consider several of the most specific cases.
pinworms
Enterobius are vermicular or pinworm roundworms. They feed on blood and intestinal contents. These 0. 5-1 cm white worms cause massive helminthysis - enterobiasis. According to the data, this disease of all woundsThe total share is 65%, of which 90% are children.
Enterobiasis is contagious and spreads from person to person. The main route for parasites to enter the body is by ingestion of eggs. The life cycle is 4 weeks - during this time, males and females develop from eggs. Are, which come out through the anus and lay eggs in the skin and testicles around it. Shaking and laying the eggs causes severe skin irritation.
Pinworm is very difficult to treat because eggs are not found only on the skin. Parasites get eggs on bed linen, shake them on the floor, and contaminate household items and toys.
The presence of these parasites in the body is difficult to determine, but the signs and symptoms of their presence have their own distinct characteristics:
- desire to urinate frequently, bedwetting;
- Often swelling and pain in the lower abdomen;
- loss of appetite;
- diarrhea;
- general muscle weakness;
- Female pinworms and clumps of eggs are found visually in the folds of the anus.
With a small number of colony, the diagnosis can be mis-negative depending on the analysis. To identify the parasites, a three-fold analysis of feces and scrapings is performed, which is repeated after a few days. In rare cases, doctors may prescribe a blood test with an extended leukocyte count.
Toxocars - symptoms and treatment of varieties of toxocariasis
refers to a subgroup of nematodes that enter the body after exposure to dogs, cats, or soil. Toxocars are not transmitted from one person to another, but are transmitted to the fetus in the uterus by the mother. Can be given to a baby with milk while breastfeeding, or parasitic infection of this species often occurs in autumn or spring.
Toxocariasis symptoms depend on the location of individuals.
gut toxicity
This type of wound is detected when the parasites settle into internal organs: in a person's liver, kidneys, pancreas, brain, or heart. In most cases, toxocars settle in the patient's lungs. The following clinicalThe picture is often seen:
- fever, chills, fever;
- The liver becomes dense, the spleen is enlarged;
- The lymph nodes are slightly enlarged, have pain on the palate and become detached from the surrounding tissue;
- Dry cough with moist wheezing, mainly at night;
- difficulty breathing and shortness of breath;
- Bronchitis and bronchopamonia very often.
Lack of therapy for this form of helminthiasis can be fatal. Parasites in the heart can cause death.
neurological toxoriasis
Pathology occurs when parasites enter the central nervous system. Symptoms of the presence of parasites in the human body:
- Children become hyperactive, fail to pass neuropsychological tests, and lag behind in development;
- adults complain that it is difficult for them to read and cannot explain why;
- memory decline;
- All types of neurological disorders appear.
If there are toxocars in the brain, organ convulsions and epileptic seizures, paralysis and paralysis are possible.
cutaneous toxicity
Symptoms will appear as localized urticaria, eczema, or papular eruptions that appear as toxocar larvae. Patients complain of unbearable itching and affected areas in addition to rashes and blisters, much swollen and reddening. The redness of the skin is seen around the areas.
ophthalmic poisoning
A lesion in which parasitic larvae colonize the eyeball. Their migration is also clearly visible with the naked eye. Only one eye is affected. In most cases, only one parasite is present. However, due to the presence of parasites. Other indications are:
- inflammation of choroid;
- pure inflammation of vitreous tissues;
- Children develop strabismus;
- The eyeball's exudate may contain structures in the form of "snowballs".
The main diagnostic technique for any type of toxocariasis is anamnesis, immunological testing, and a detailed premium test. Mammal testing is not performed because these parasites do not live in the intestines. With adequate medication, the disease for recoveryThe diagnosis of is favorable.
wide ribbon
This parasite enters the human body through the consumption of raw fish or caviar. The disease is called diphylobothriasis and does not spread from one person to another.
Wide tapeworm can only be present in the small intestine. Its presence has specific symptoms, which develop in the following order:
- nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting;
- fever status;
- decreased or increased appetite;
- alternating constipation with diarrhea;
- B-12-gradual increase in symptoms of anemia;
- intestinal obstruction due to obstruction due to overgrowth of the intestinal lumen, as well as a violation of superficial and deep sensitivity;
- Unstable silt and creep under the skin;
- Parasitic particles may be present in feces.
The presence of the parasite is diagnosed according to the results of blood tests and kaparoscopy.
bull tapeworm
This tapeworm can grow up to 7-10 meters in length. The parasite enters the human body in the form of a larva or egg contained in the flesh of poorly cooked or raw infected cattle. The disease is called tenariniasis, It is more likely to occur in adults.
Parasitic symptoms appear gradually in the human body with tenarinosis:
- Constant hunger, a persistent feeling of false bulimia;
- There is loss of appetite, sometimes for complete absence;
- Abdominal pain, which may be of varying localization, is increasing, the right iliac region hurts more;
- Chronic severe flatulence and recurrent diarrhea;
- tongue swelling develops;
- Sleep disturbances, syncope, and seizures may occur in vulnerable people.
Bovine tapeworm necklaces are fairly easy to identify and investigate, with its individual segments - prolagotids, crawling out of the anus without bowel movement, especially at night.
The simplest and most effective diagnostic method is scalping and analysis of feces for prolagotid egg content. Treatment predictions are favorable.
Echinococcus
belongs to the class of Echinococcus tapeworm. The main sources are stray dogs, wolves, jackals, foxes, which feed on Echinococcus-infected carrion. It is possible to be infected with parasites by domestic dogs if it is from stray relatives or infected animals. Has come in contact with feces.
Human infection occurs when the parasites' larvae are swallowed, most often with contaminated water. An alternative is possible when the eggs go in with a gust of wind and stick to the mucous membrane of the nose or throatLive, and when swallowed and enter the digestive system.
The larvae of the parasite, which have entered the intestine, transform themselves into bloodstream and reach the liver with venous blood flow, where it is fixed. If not fixed, So Echinococcus can affect the lungs or other organs. Contrary to common belief, these parasites do not live in human muscles.
Holding on organ tissue, the larvae grow and form a cyst. In case of its death, the cyst is suppressed. When a person is infected with a large number of larvae, many living and dead echinococcal cystsAre made.
The symptoms of the presence of such parasites do not appear for a long time, but as the cyst in the liver grows, the following symptoms are seen:
- violation of stool, persistent vomiting, pain in solar plexus;
- Nodules are felt in the liver; In the case of compression of the ulcer
- , jaundice develops, with characteristic symptoms, which are associated with very severe itching;
- When a purulent cyst is opened, acute pain, allergic reaction, to anaphylactic shock.
If the parasite has attached itself to the lungs, shortness of breath develops, worsening of breath, chest pain, and coughing with bleeding. The success of a cyst in the pleural region is fatal. When a breakthrough develops in the bronchi, suffocation, blue skin, and severe allergic reactions develop.
Diagnosis is made with a serological blood test and confirmation by ultrasound. Echinococcosis can only be treated surgically! Typical antiparasitic drug treatment is performed only in case of mass infection. Drinking alcohol or other folk remedies is useless for these parasites.
Giardia
It is quite easy to become the carrier of these parasites - human infection is accompanied by ulcers of cats, dogs and rodents. Once in the body, parasites are localized not only in the liver, but also in the large and small intestines. Giardiasis children. And affects adults with weak immunity and low stomach acidity.
The disease is characterized by an undulating course with progressive neurological and allergic symptoms:
- spasm pain in the right side, especially after eating fatty food;
- alternating diarrhea with constipation;
- dry and bitter mouth;
- At a normal level of hemoglobin in the blood, there is a pore of the skin, especially the nasal "white";
- hair falls out;
- lip cracks and bumps appear;
- skin, skin rashes appear on the palms of the palms and feet;
- are coughing cough attacks;
- enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes;
- develops severe apathy and general weakness.
feces and duodenal contents are examined.
When detecting the signs of parasites, you should not self-medicate, you should contact an infectious pathologist. Only a doctor will be able to correctly diagnose and protect sufficiently complex treatments.